Gender Prefixes and Gender Agreement

Some verbs, a few adjectives, and some postpositions agree in gender with the noun or pronoun which is subject or direct object of the verb, modified by the adjective, or object of the postposition.Gender is marked by prefixation.There are four gender markers:v-, j-, b-, and d-. Gender of personal pronouns reflects the sex of the referent, and is based on person in the plural.

  Word Meaning Singular Plural
vasha brother v b
jisha sister j b
neca moth b d
mox wind b b
kor window d d
gezga spider j j
so I v, j (v = masculine,
i, iza he, she v, j j = feminine)
txo we d
shu you d
ysh they b

Examples of intransitive and transitive verbs in short phrases with the four gender prefixes:

  Muusaa voedu Муса воьду Musa goes
Peet'amat joedu Пет1амат йоьду Fatima goes
Beer doedu Бер доьду a child goes
Jiatt boedu Етт боьду a cow goes
Muusaa veuzira Муса вевзира (he/she) recognized Musa
Peet'amat jeuzira Пет1амат евзира (") recognized Fatima
beer deuzira бер девзира (") recognized the child
jiatt beuzira етт бевзира (") recognized the cow