The Chechen Sound System, in the Latin transcription used here.
Consonants:
| |
labial |
dental |
alveolar |
palatal |
velar |
uvular |
pharyngeal |
glottal |
| voiceless |
p |
t |
c |
ch |
k |
q |
w |
' |
| glottalized(ejective) |
p' |
t' |
c' |
ch' |
k' |
q' |
|
|
| voiced |
b |
d |
|
|
g |
|
|
|
| fricatives |
(f) |
|
s |
sh |
x |
|
hw |
h |
| voiced fricatives |
v |
|
z |
zh |
|
gh |
|
|
| nasals |
m |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
| other resonants |
|
l |
r |
rh |
|
|
|
|
| glide |
|
|
j |
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels:
| |
front |
|
central |
|
back |
|
| high |
i |
ii |
y |
yy |
u |
uu |
| mid |
e |
ee |
|
|
o |
oo |
| |
ia |
ie |
oe |
oe |
o |
uo |
| |
|
|
a |
|
|
|
| low |
ae |
|
aa |
aa |
|
oa |
| |
ei |
|
ai |
aai |
|
oi |
| |
eu |
|
|
|
|
ou |
Note that in some instances the Latinization used here spells
two sounds alike: “o” spells both plain and diphthongized
short vowels, “oe” spells both long and short vowels, and
“aa” spells both long and shortened vowels. For each
of these pairs of sounds the two pronunciations are largely
predictable. All three cases are discussed below
(The current Cyrillic spelling spells many more sets of
different sounds alike, and does so where the difference
is not predictable.)
The Chechen Sound System, in the current Cyrillic orthography.
Consonants:
| |
labial |
dental |
alveolar |
palatal |
velar |
uvular |
pharyngeal |
glottal |
| voiceless |
п |
т |
ц |
ч |
к |
кх |
1 |
ъ, * |
| glottalized(ejective) |
пI |
тI |
цI |
чI |
кI |
къ |
|
|
| voiced |
б |
д |
|
|
г |
|
|
|
| fricatives |
(ф) |
|
с |
ш |
х |
|
хь |
хI |
| voiced fricatives |
в |
|
з |
ж |
|
кI |
|
|
| nasals |
м |
|
н |
|
|
|
|
|
| other resonants |
|
л |
р |
рхI |
|
|
|
|
| glide |
|
|
й, ** |
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels:
| |
front |
|
central |
|
back |
|
| high |
и |
ий |
уь |
уьй |
у |
у |
| mid |
е,
э |
е,
э |
|
|
о |
о |
| |
е,
э |
е,
э |
оь |
оь |
о |
о |
| |
|
|
а |
|
|
|
| low |
аь |
|
а |
а |
|
а |
| |
эй,
ей |
|
ай |
ай |
|
ой |
| |
эв,
ев |
|
|
|
|
ов |
*Often not written, e.g. хаам (our
xa'am) 'information, communication'.
** Also written with the 'soft' vowel letters е, ю,
я.
The Chechen Sound System, in phonetic transcription.
(The sound f, parenthesized below, is not originally
a Chechen consonant, but has entered the language in words
taken over from Russian.) The transcription is the
International Phonetic Alphabet except for c&, s&,
etc.
Consonants:
| |
labial |
dental |
alveolar |
palatal |
velar |
uvular |
pharyngeal |
glottal |
| voiceless |
p |
t |
c |
c& |
k |
q |
Ö |
/ |
| ejective |
p' |
t' |
c' |
c&' |
k' |
q' |
|
|
| voiced |
b |
d |
|
|
g |
|
|
|
| fricatives |
(f) |
|
s |
s& |
x |
|
ð |
h |
| voiced fricatives |
v |
|
z |
z& |
© |
|
|
|
| nasal |
m |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
l |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
| voiceless |
|
|
r¥ |
|
|
|
|
|
| glide |
|
|
j |
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels and diphthongs (the parenthesized diphthongs are dialect variants):
| |
front |
|
central |
|
back |
|
| high |
i |
iù |
y |
yù |
u |
uù |
| mid |
E |
eù |
|
|
o |
où |
| |
JQ |
iE |
yš |
yšù |
u |
uù |
| |
|
|
|
ú |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
à |
|
|
| low |
Q |
|
a |
aù |
|
oa
/
|
| |
ei» |
|
Ãi» |
ai» |
(oi») |
ui» |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
front |
|
central |
|
back |
|
| high |
i |
iù |
y |
yù |
u |
uù |
| mid |
E |
eù |
|
|
o |
où |
| |
JQ |
iE |
yš |
yšù |
u |
uù |
| |
|
|
|
ú |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
à |
|
|
| low |
Q |
|
a |
aù |
|
oa
/
|
| |
ei» |
|
Ãi» |
ai» |
(oi») |
ui» |
| |
(Eu») |
|
|
|
|
Ãu» |
|