The current population of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is unknown. Before the war, according to data collected in 1992, there were roughly 1.3 million people living in Chechnya. But during the war the Chechen nation lost more than 250,000 people which included 42,000 children. During and after the war, 500,000 people moved to various parts of the world as refugees. The war is still going on so it is impossible to get current numbers.

The languages used in the Republic are Chechen and Russian. Chechen belongs to the Vaynakh or North-central Caucasian linguistic family, which also includes Ingush and Batsb. Some scholars place it in a wider Iberian-Caucasian super-family.