Uygulamada her bir bireyin m\u00fcltecilik stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurunun tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011ferlendirilmesine ra\u011fmen, tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7e\u015fitli topluluklara \u00f6zel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve kimi gruplar\u0131n bu tip de\u011ferlendirmelere maruz kalmadan do\u011frudan m\u00fclteci olarak kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu nedenle her ne kadar her bir \u00c7e\u00e7en’ in ba\u015fvurusu, ba\u015fvuruda bulunan \u00c7e\u00e7en’ in hikayesine ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu duruma g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilecekse de biz burada anavatan\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalan y\u00fczbinlerce \u00c7e\u00e7en’ in stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini genel hatlar\u0131yla tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Hem \u00c7e\u00e7en Cumhuriyeti \u0130\u00e7kerya\u2019n\u0131n 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesinin ard\u0131ndan Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun bu \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgali ile ba\u015flayan birinci sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde, hem de 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7e sayarak \u0130\u00e7kerya\u2019y\u0131 yeniden i\u015fgali ile ba\u015flayan ve halen s\u00fcrmekte olan ikinci sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk edip ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalan \u00c7e\u00e7enler\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan stat\u00fclerini inceleyebilmek i\u00e7in 1951 Tarihli M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuksal Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne Dair Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve 1967 Tarihli M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuksal Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne Dair Protokol\u2019 de yer alan unsurlar\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirelim. <\/strong><\/p>\n Yabanc\u0131l\u0131k Unsuru: <\/strong>\u00c7e\u00e7enler men\u015fe \u00fclkeleri olan \u00c7e\u00e7en Cumhuriyeti \u0130\u00e7kerya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 anda yabanc\u0131l\u0131k unsuru ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. \u00c7e\u00e7en Cumhuriyeti \u0130\u00e7kerya\u2019 y\u0131 tan\u0131mayan devletler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise bu unsur ancak Rusya Federasyonu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00c7e\u00e7enler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Zul\u00fcm ve Hakl\u0131 Nedene Dayanan Korku: <\/strong>\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019 da halen Rusya Federasyonu askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli sava\u015f\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi \u015feklindeki propagandaya ra\u011fmen sava\u015f ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri ve i\u015fledi\u011fi sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00fcrmektedir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini \u00f6rneklendirmek gerekirse, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ihlali, i\u015fkence, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve tabii ki etnik temizlik belirtilmelidir. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019 da \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131 s\u0131rf \u00c7e\u00e7en oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in dahi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebildi\u011fi gibi, siviller kendisi ya da akrabalar\u0131ndan birisi Rus i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da sava\u015fmakta olan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na destek verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131s\u0131z infaza kurban gitmektedir. Ayn\u0131 sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmakta ya da i\u015fkenceye maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131rf \u00c7e\u00e7en olmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc uygulanan bu zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131 durumu m\u00fcltecinin tan\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen hakl\u0131 nedenlerden olan; \u0131rk, milliyet-uyrukluk, belli bir sosyal gruba mensubiyetleri sebebiyle meydana gelmektedir. Yani \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fken, di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm korkusu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u0131saca bahsetti\u011fimiz ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7enler ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00fclkelerini terk etmi\u015flerdir ve geri d\u00f6nmekten endi\u015fe duymaktad\u0131rlar. G\u00fcvenli geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ise hala m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Geri d\u00f6nmeyi ba\u015farabilenler i\u00e7in de g\u00fcvenli bir ortam mevcut de\u011fildir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapan baz\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin Rus i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerince ya da i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i \u00c7e\u00e7enlerce ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak<\/strong>, \u0130\u00e7kerya topraklar\u0131 Rusya Federasyonu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f ve i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki bu topraklarda Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nca soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7u i\u015fleniyorken; yo\u011fun insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tahamm\u00fcl edemeyerek ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan \u00c7e\u00e7enler, y\u00fczk\u0131rkyedi \u00fclkenin taraf oldu\u011fu 1951 Tarihli M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuksal Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne Dair Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve 1967 Tarihli M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuksal Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne Dair Protokol\u2019 de yer alan m\u00fcltecilik kriterlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle \u00fclkesini terk ederek ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalan \u00c7e\u00e7enler, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cm\u00fclteci\u201ddir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uygulamada her bir bireyin m\u00fcltecilik stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurunun tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011ferlendirilmesine ra\u011fmen, tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7e\u015fitli topluluklara \u00f6zel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve kimi gruplar\u0131n bu tip de\u011ferlendirmelere maruz kalmadan do\u011frudan m\u00fclteci olarak kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2429","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2430,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2429\/revisions\/2430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}