{"id":1307,"date":"2007-02-04T15:57:24","date_gmt":"2007-02-04T13:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zelimhan.com\/?p=206"},"modified":"2007-02-04T15:57:24","modified_gmt":"2007-02-04T13:57:24","slug":"imam-samil-in-126olum-yildonumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/2007\/02\/imam-samil-in-126olum-yildonumu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130mam \u015eamil’ in 126.\u00d6l\u00fcm Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Kafkasyal\u0131lar! Senelerden beri g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en vahim an gelip \u00e7atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yapabilece\u011fimiz tek i\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanla fas\u0131las\u0131z ve amans\u0131z \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar harp etmek \u015feref ve vatan borcu idi. Fakat, bug\u00fcn hepimiz \u00fczerine farz olmu\u015ftur. Kafkasya’ n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyeti i\u00e7in son kur\u015funa, son k\u0131l\u0131ca ve sa\u011flam kalan son bile\u011fe kadar d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fmeyen haindir…” <\/em><\/strong>\u0130mam \u015eamil<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, Kafkasya tarihinin \u00f6nemli liderlerinden birisi olan \u0130mam \u015eamil’ in 126. \u00d6l\u00fcm Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Bu vesile ile kendisini rahmetle ve sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

“O’ na (Rus \u00c7ar\u0131’ na) s\u00f6yleyin; Ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fum bu kahramanlar\u0131n kalplerinde k\u00f6kle\u015fen zafer iman\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden kaz\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, en gen\u00e7 muharibim en ya\u015fl\u0131 naibime yok oluncaya kadar, hi\u00e7 bir kuvvet bizi bu m\u00fcbarek vatan\u0131 son da\u011f\u0131na, son k\u00f6y\u00fcne ve son kaya par\u00e7as\u0131na kadar kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdafaa etmekten men edemeyecektir. Bu u\u011furda b\u00fct\u00fcn evlat ve ayalimi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irseniz de son nefesime kadar sizinle m\u00fccadele edece\u011fim” <\/em><\/strong>\u0130mam \u015eamil – \u00c7e\u00e7enya\/1838<\/p>\n

\u015eeyh \u015eamil Kimdir?<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

1797 y\u0131l\u0131nda Da\u011f\u0131stan’ \u0131n Gimri isimli k\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya gelen \u0130mam \u015eamil Kafkasya’ da devletle\u015fme ve birliktelik s\u00fcrecinin en \u00f6nemli ismidir. Babas\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin yerli halk\u0131 olan Avarlardan (Avarlar pek \u00e7ok platformda iddia edildi\u011finin aksine T\u00fcrk de\u011fildir. Da\u011f\u0131stan’ \u0131n otokton halklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Kendilerine da\u011fl\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Maarulaw derler. )\u00a0 Dengau Muhammed’ tir. Annesi ise, Avar beyi Pir Budah’ \u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 A\u015filtal\u0131 Bahu Mesedo’ dur.<\/p>\n

\u0130mam \u015eamil’ in boyu iki metreyi ge\u00e7kindi. At binme, silah kullanma ve g\u00fcre\u015fte son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130mam \u015eamil, muhtelif zamanlarda toplam be\u015f kez evlilik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. E\u015flerinin isimleri, Fatimat, Cevheret, Zahidet, Emine ve \u015eovanat’ t\u0131r. Bu e\u015flerinden, Ahmed Cemaleddin, Muhammed Gazi, Muhammed Said, Muhammed \u015eefi, Cemaleddin ve Muhammed Kamil isimli alt\u0131 o\u011flu ile Fatimat, Nafisat, Necabat, Bahu-Mesedo ve Safiyat isimli be\u015f k\u0131z\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130mam \u015eamil, gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n Kafkasya’ daki yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politakas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duran ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131 “Gazavat”<\/strong> a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130maml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Gazi Muhammedv ve Hamzat’ \u0131n m\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fini yapt\u0131. \u0130mam Hamzat’ \u0131n \u015fehadetinin ard\u0131ndan da 2 Ekim 1834′ te A\u015filta’ da yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131 ile \u0130maml\u0131k makam\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. (\u0130maml\u0131k klasik anlam\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kafkasya’ da \u0130mam siyasi otoriteyi temsil eden isimdir. San\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u015eamil \u015feyh de\u011fil, sadece siyasi erkin ba\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

\u015eamil, \u0130mam yani devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildikten sonra ilk i\u015f olarak i\u00e7 i\u015flerini ele ald\u0131. Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 daha etkili sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in l\u00fczumlu idari ve askeri te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 yeni esaslara g\u00f6re tanzim etti. Bir taraftan askeri tedbirler al\u0131p d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 savunma sava\u015flar\u0131 verirken, di\u011fer taraftan da muntazam adli ve idari sivil bir devlet mekanizmas\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, medreselerde e\u011fitime \u00f6nem verdirmi\u015f, fikir ve sanat alan\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6neminde tophaneler, baruthaneler, silahhaneler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, muntazam birlikler halinde askeri te\u015fkilat kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hitabeti, kararl\u0131 tutumu ve askeri dehas\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar kazanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131sa zamanda yay\u0131larak, otoritesi Da\u011f\u0131stan civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan geni\u015f topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130mam \u015eamil, idare sistemini yeniden d\u00fczenlerken, \u00fclkeyi naiplik ve vilayetlere ay\u0131rarak bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na hem askeri hem de sivil yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f naipleri getirdi. \u00dc\u00e7 veya d\u00f6rt naiplik bir vilayet idi. Vilayetlerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki naibin r\u00fctbesi daha y\u00fcksekti.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llarca devam eden uzun ve yorucu m\u00fccadeleler boyunca dost \u00fclkelerden hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m g\u00f6remeyen \u0130mam \u015eamil’in, nihayet elindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvet kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fckenir ve 1859’un 6 Eyl\u00fcl’\u00fcnde Gunip’te Prens Baryatinsky komutas\u0131ndaki 70.000 ki\u015filik Rus ordusuna, yan\u0131nda birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fi kal\u0131ncaya kadar direndikten sonra teslim olur.\u0130mam \u015eamil, aile efrad\u0131 ve 40 kadar adam\u0131 Petersburg’a \u00c7ar’\u0131n saray\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 II.Aleksandr taraf\u0131ndan saray\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131nda hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek derecede nazik kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. \u00c7ar, babas\u0131 1.Nikola’ya ve ihti\u015faml\u0131 ordular\u0131na tam otuzbe\u015f y\u0131l Kafkasya’y\u0131 zindan eden, zaman\u0131n\u0131n bu en b\u00fcy\u00fck kahraman\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr g\u00f6rmez, y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ve sakal\u0131ndan hayranl\u0131kla \u00f6pmekten kendini al\u0131koyamaz.\u0130mam \u015eamil bir ay kadar sarayda misafir edildikten sonra, sayg\u0131n tutsak olarak esaret y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irece\u011fi Kaluga’ya g\u00f6nderilir.Ancak \u015eamil ve ailesine esaret \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r gelir. \u0130ki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u015eamil’in simsiyah sa\u00e7lar\u0131 beyazlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131 Nafisat ile gelini Muhammed Gazi’nin kar\u0131s\u0131 Kerimet \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcden vereme yakalanarak \u00f6l\u00fcrler.
\nAradan ancak on y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00c7ar, onun Hac’ca gitmesine izin verir. Ancak bir tedbir olarak o\u011flu Muhammed \u015eefi’yi al\u0131koyar ve Hacc’\u0131 ifa ettikten sonra derhal Rusya’ya d\u00f6nmesini \u015fart ko\u015far.<\/p>\n

\u015eamil, 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda maiyetindeki adamlar\u0131 ile birlikte Rusya’dan ayr\u0131larak \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul’a u\u011frar. Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanarak sarayda a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u015eamil’in \u0130stanbul’a u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi duyuldu\u011funda \u015fehirde yer yerinden oynam\u0131\u015f, halk bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kahraman\u0131 g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in saray kap\u0131lar\u0131na ak\u0131n etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u015eamil, a\u015fk\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc son menzile bir an evvel varmak i\u00e7in Sultan’\u0131n kendisine tahsis etti\u011fi gemi ile yola koyulur. Cidde liman\u0131nda Mekke Emiri, \u015fehrin ileri gelenleri ve mah\u015feri bir kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan t\u00f6renlerle kar\u015f\u0131lanarak Mekke’de \u015e\u00fcrefa dairesinde misafir edilir.<\/p>\n

Hac s\u0131ras\u0131nda orada bulundu\u011funu duyan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczbin m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n onu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izdiham sonucu, h\u00fck\u00fcmet makamlar\u0131 \u0130mam \u015eamil’i Kabe’nin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle bu hayran kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n arzusunu tatmin edebildi.<\/p>\n

\u015eamil, hac farizas\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirdikten sonra Medine’ye ge\u00e7er. Medine g\u00fcnlerinde son derece takatten d\u00fc\u015fer, \u00e7ekti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131zd\u0131rap art\u0131k tahamm\u00fcl edilmez bir hal al\u0131r ve hastalanarak yata\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkesinin milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adayan, askeri dehas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya ve bizzat ebedi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Rus y\u00fcksek makamlar\u0131na dahi kabul ettiren, ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya tarihine “gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilla lideri” olarak yazd\u0131ran \u0130mam \u015eamil 4 \u015eubat 1871’de 74 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumar. Naa\u015f\u0131 Medine’ deki Cennet’\u00fcl Baki Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Kafkasyal\u0131lar! Senelerden beri g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en vahim an gelip \u00e7atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yapabilece\u011fimiz tek i\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanla fas\u0131las\u0131z ve amans\u0131z \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar harp etmek \u015feref ve vatan borcu idi. Fakat, bug\u00fcn hepimiz \u00fczerine farz olmu\u015ftur. Kafkasya’ n\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler"],"views":4889,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1307"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1307\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.waynakh.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}