Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ ndeki Harvard \u00dcniversitesi’ nin Davis Rusya ve Avrasya \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Merkezi’ nde\u00a014\u00a0\u015eubat g\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0d\u00fczenlenen at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7enya’ daki temizlik operasyonlar\u0131 konu edinildi.<\/p>\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ nin kuzey do\u011fusundaki Massachusets Eyaleti’ ndeki New England B\u00f6lgesi’ nde yer alan Cambridge \u015fehrinde bulunan \u00fcnl\u00fc Harvard \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesindeki Davis Rusya ve Avrasya \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Merkezi’ nde d\u00fczenlenen kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 politik seminerlerde bir s\u00fcredir “Kom\u00fcnizm Sonras\u0131 Politikalar ve Ekonomiler” konulu at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 14 \u015eubat g\u00fcn\u00fc, Princeton \u00dcniversitesi Politika ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Dal\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Jason Lyalt taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan “Ba\u015f Kald\u0131ran Etnik Bir Grup Nas\u0131l Yola Getirilir? \u00c7e\u00e7enya’ daki Temizlik Operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Analizi” isimli otuz sayfal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan hareketle bir at\u00f6lye kuruldu.<\/p>\n
12.15 ile 14.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Jason Lyalt’ \u0131n makalesinde Rus askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen temizlik (zachistki) operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 2002′ den bu yana iki ba\u015fl\u0131 bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, art\u0131k bu temizlik operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 ya Rus askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan ya da Moskova yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7en haydutlarca yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, sivillere y\u00f6nelik bu tip operasyonlar\u0131n benzer \u00f6rneklerinin Kenya’ da, Cezayir’ de ya da II.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Cephesi’ nde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015fti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma makalesinde d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki 340′ tan fazla sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, organizasyon ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemeleri’ nin verilerine g\u00f6re 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana 5.000′ den fazla insan\u0131n temizlik operasyonlar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da ortadan yok oldu\u011funun kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Yard.Prof. Jason Lyalt, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma makalesinde 15.000 ile 25.000 aras\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7en sivilin, 5.000 civar\u0131nda Rus askerinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, 100.000 \u00c7e\u00e7en’ in yerinden yurdundan oldu\u011funu belirterek sava\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 biraz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6stermi\u015f. Ancak, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan II.Rus – \u00c7e\u00e7en Sava\u015f\u0131’ n\u0131n halen devam etti\u011finin belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7e\u00e7enya konusuna bak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olarak nitelenebilir.<\/p>\n
Lyalt makalesinde Ocak 2000′ den Aral\u0131k 2005′ e kadar 680 temizlik operasyonunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaydedilebildi\u011fini belirterek\u00a0temizlik operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, “Temizlik (zachistki), \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir evin ya da alan\u0131n izolasyonu ile ba\u015flar. Askerlerin izole edilen alan\u0131n giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almas\u0131ndan sonra iki farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntem izlenilir. Birinci y\u00f6ntemde, ya do\u011frudan eve girilerek ev sakinleri d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr\u00a0ya da\u00a0gen\u00e7 erkekler tutuklanarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130kinci y\u00f6ntemde ise, kimliklerin kontrol edilmesi ve evin aranmas\u0131 usul\u00fc uygulan\u0131r. En az 10 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bu ekibin psikolojik bask\u0131y\u0131 ama\u00e7 edindi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr”.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma makalesinde,\u00a0\u00c7e\u00e7en sivillere y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen temizlik operasyonlar\u0131nda, tanklar\u0131n,\u00a0z\u0131rhl\u0131 personel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve helikopterlerin de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rus askerlerinin temizlik operasyonlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131, i\u015fkence, \u015fiddet kullanarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma, eve ve e\u015fyalara zarar verme ya da bunlar\u0131 \u00e7almak gibi su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fine de vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
“Ba\u015f Kald\u0131ran Etnik Bir Grup Nas\u0131l Yola Getirilir? \u00c7e\u00e7enya’ daki Temizlik Operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Analizi” \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma at\u00f6lyesinde\u00a0grafiklerden ve haritalardan da yararlan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma at\u00f6lyesinde kullan\u0131lan, \u00c7e\u00e7enya’ da temizlik operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri\u00a0say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yuvarlaklarla g\u00f6steren\u00a0bir harita:<\/strong><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.zelimhan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/12\/cecenyada-temizlik-operasyonlari-yapilan-yerler.jpg\" "\\"cecenyada-temizlik-operasyonlari-yapilan-yerler\\"")
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